Oscillation frequency multiplier circuit



I Ju ne 27; 1950 e. L. USSELMAN 2,512,729

OSCILLATION FREQUENCY MULTIPLIER CIRCUIT Filed s t. 1.6, 1947 IHHI I I P INVENTOR.

GEORGE L. USSELMAN fl 044L002.

ATTORN EY Patented June 27', 1950 oscnurrron FREQUENCY MULTIPLIER cmcorr George L. Ulselman, Port Jencrson, N. Y., assignor to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware Application September is, 1947, Serial 110,774,268

16 Claims. (Cl. 250-38) The present invention relates to oscillator circults in general, and in particular to the combination of a crystal oscillator and. a frequency multiplier circuit.

A purpose of this invention is to provide a new nected to a junction point 32 on connection 29; and improved oscillation frequency multiplier cirthe other end of this resistance is connected by cult which will be more flexible and more eflicient junction point 33 and to the positive side of the in operation. My invention, which employs a direct current potential source. I single electronic stage, may best be understood The operation of the circuit shown in Fig. 1 by referring to the accompanying drawing, in is as follows: The cathode l0, grids 6, I, 8 and 9, which; crystal x, and resistors RI and R2 comprise a Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of my invention; crystal oscillator circuit, which circuit operates in Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a modification of the well known Pierce mode. In this connection Fig, 1; and rid 6 acts as the plate or anode of the crystal Fig. 3 is a modification of Fig. 2. l5 controlled oscillator. Other types of oscillators Referring now in detail to Fig. 1 of the drawing, which operate by other modes could be employed the vacuum tube VI is of the duplex type having in this invention with equally good results.

a pair of anodes 2, 3 which may be termed auxil- As will be noted, since the auxiliary anodes 2 iary anodes, suppressor or auxiliary ds I, 5. and 3 0f lillhe VI are eelmeeted in P -D control grids 6, 'l, and screen grids 8, 9. An eleclotion o the tank circuit Ordinarily 0 crystal tron emitting cathode I'll is interposed between frequency power can be obtained in the output control grid I and heater II. The heater II is cir i pled to the inductance Ll, because of energized by any suitable voltage source, such as e ba e-n Wi of k circuit A. The crystal a battery l2, h anodes z, 3 are connected to frequency current flows to ground [6 at the electhe opposite ends of an inductance coil Ll having trieel center 0f the tank circuit A through ya midpoint tap l3. A split stator type of conp s condenser I It ay w be noted that the denser Cl is connected inparallel with inductance coil L3 is connected between the'center point of coil Ll, both of these components forming a k onde s C a d r u d; u h il L3 tuned tank circuit A. The output circuit of the flows the ystal f qu y ur o p d to oscillation frequency multiplier is inductively the coil L3 iS e tuned tank circuit B which incoupled t t it A by an i d t 11 cludes inductance coil LI and condenser C2, and, 2, h center tap of inductance 11 l i byas mentioned above, the center point of coil L4 is passed to ground It by acondenser ll. Condensy-P to und and also connected to the or Cl has an electrical center connection l5 positive side of the potential through resistor R4. which connects to one end of an inductance coil The pp ends of inductance coil L4 are con- L3. The other end of inductance coil L3 is connected to the grids 4 and 5 of tube V I W l be nected to ground at It. seeen that the tank circuit B converts the push- An inductance coil Ll has its outer ends con- P crystal frequency c t n inductance nected to a variable tuning condenser 02 which coil 3 to u -p l alternating u t potenwith inductance Ll forms a second timed tank 131515 On the grids 4 nd 5 of tube Vi because of circuit B. The outer ends of inductance coil Ll lJhe coupling gement shown. The anodes are also connected to grids l and 5 of the vacuum 3 and 3 then. in r p to the grid Voltage. drive tube VI. A crystal X (having electrodes l8 and the -P l ank circuit A. These tank circuits [9) determines the fundamental frequency of y Operate in ny one of several way as folthe oscillator. Crystal electrode (8 is connected lows: v to grid 6, and crystal electrode 19 is connected First. assume k ircuit B to be tuned to the to grid 1. At junction point 20 (grid 6) a concrystal frequency fc, a d the tank circuit A also nection is made to one end of resistor R2. The i be tuned to frequency f In h ase We would other end of resistor R2 is connected to the posiobtain Straight p catio o in d the Output tive side of a direct current voltage source at 50 frequency n he inductance coil L2 would then junction point 2|. A resistance RI is connected be the fundamental crystal freq encyat one end to junction point 22 or grid I. The Second, assume tank circuit B to be tuned to lower end of resistance RI is connected to caththe crystal frequency fc, nd the tank circuit A ode l0 and ground 23. A by-pass condenser 24 to be tuned to 2fc. In this case tank circuit A is connected between the lower ends of resistors would be tuned to the upper side-band (consider- RI and R2. Resistance Rl is connected to juncing the circuit as a balanced modulator) which tion point 25 on the positive side of the direct is fc+fc, or 2fc. The lower sideband is then current voltage source. At the other end, resistfc-fc, which is zero, and consequently the freance R4 is connected to the mid point tap of quency of the output in inductance coil L2 would inductance L4. A by-pass condenser 21 conbe twice the fundamental crystal frequency.

'nects from the mid point tap of inductance L4 to ground 28. The grids 8 and 9 are connected together by lead 29 and are by-passed to ground 30 through condenser 3|. Resistance R3 is con- Third, it both of the tank circuits A and B are tuned to a frequency of 2 the output will be 2n, since the tank circuit A would simply amplify the energy which comes out of the tank circuit B.

/ Fourth, assume tank circuit B to be tuned to the frequency 2n, and the tank circuit A tuned to the frequency3fe. In this case, by similar reasoning, the tank circuit A would again be tuned to the upper sideband which would be 124-2 or 31s, and the output frequency would be three times that of the crystal or fundamental frequency. The lower sideband frequency fc would then be rejected by the tuning of the tank circuit A. It will be seen by similar reasoning that other higher harmonics of the crystal frequency can be obtained in the output circuit L2.

Referring now to the modification shown in Fig. 2, the single vacuum tube shown in Fig. 1 is replaced by separate vacuum tubes VI and V2 of the 6A8 type. The tank circuits A and B are similar to that shown in Fig. 1, except that the opposite ends of inductance coil Ll are connected to anodes 2 and 3 of tubes VI and V2. A variable condenser C3 is connected to the junction point IS on capacitor Cl. The other end 01' condenser C3 connects to one end of inductance L3. The other or left end of inductance coil L3 is connected to ground IS. The crystal X has electrodes l8 and IS. A connection is made from electrode I 8 to grid 6 of tube VI and gride 1 of tube V2. Electrode I9 is connected to grid 8 of tube VI and grid 9 of tube V2. The efiiciency of the circuit of the modification shown in Fig. 2 is improved over that of Fig. 1 by the addition of the variable condenser C3. In this case, condenser 03 is adjusted so that its re actance plus the reactance of condenser Cl tunes the inductive reactance of coil L3 to the crystal frequency. This increases the crystal frequency current in inductance coil L3 and thus increases the output power in inductance coil L2.

The circuit shown in Fig. 3 is a modification of that of Fig. 2 and is similar in all respects, except that a 200. ohm resistor R is interposed between the variable condenser C3 and the inductance coil L3 of tank circuit B. I have found that when this is done the tuning of the circuit C3, L3 and the tank circuit B (which includes condenser (:23 and inductance coil L4) is less critical. The tuning condenser C213, which is of the split stator balanced type, is substituted for the condenser C2 of Fig. 2. A by-pass condenser 40 is connected from the mid point of condenser 023 to ground, and the center point of coil L4 is connected to the mid point of 023 by resistor R6. With this modified circuit, more eifective operation at higher harmonics than the second harmonic will be found possible.

In passing it is to be noted and clearly understood that the operation of the circuits of my invention may also be considered as a frequency multiplying action, without reference to balanced modulators. Operation in accordance with frequency multiplication principlesshould be selfevident from the description of the circuits herein given. Also, it is to be understood that crystal control, while desirable, may be dispensed with and other types of controlled oscillation generators substituted. Thus, in Fig. 1, grids 6, l. and cathode 10 may be connected in Hartley or Colpitts fashion, resonant lines may be used for frequency control, etc.

What is claimed is:

1. Electric wave generating apparatus comprising an oscillation generator, said generator including an electron discharg device having a pair of auxiliary grids, a pair of auxiliary anodes;

and a cathode, an oscillatory circuit connected in balanced relation to the auxiliary grids, an

prising an oscillation generator, said generator including an electron discharge device having a pair of auxiliary grids, a pair of auxiliary anodes and a cathode, a first oscillatory circuit connected in balanced relation to the auxiliary grids, a second oscillatory circuit connected in balanced relation to the anodes and tuned to a harmonic of the frequency of said oscillation generator, and an element coupling the circuits together for causing unbalanced excitation of the circuit between said auxiliary grids.

4. An electric wave generating apparatus according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the oscillation generator is crystal controlled.

5. An electric wave generating system, comprising an electron discharge device having within a single envelope, a cathode, a pair of anodes symmetrically positioned relative to said cathode, a pair of grids symmetrically positioned relative to said cathode, other grids in said envelope, means connecting together said other grids and the cathode to form an oscillation genorator; a push-pull circuit connected to the anodes of said electron discharge device, and an output circuit coupled to said push-pull circuit.

6. An oscillation frequency multiplier system comprising an oscillation generator including an electron discharge devicehaving'a, pair of anodes, a pair of auxiliary grids, a pair of control grids, and a cathode; a piezoelectric crystal forming part of said oscillation generator and connected to said control grids; an inductive circuit tuned to the fundamental frequency of said oscillation generator and connected to said auxiliary grids; a push-pull circuit tuned to a harmonic frequency of said generator, said pushpull circuit including an inductance having its opposite ends connected to corresponding anodes of said device; means coupling said inductive circuit to said push-pull circuit; and an output circuit inductively coupled to said push-pull circuit.

7. A crystal oscillation frequency system, comprising an oscillation generator including an electron discharge device having a pair of anodes, a pair of auxiliary grids, a pair of control grids and a cathode; a piezoelectric crystal forming part of said oscillation generator, said crystal being connected to the control grids of said electron discharge device; a push-pull tank circuit connected to the anodes of said electron discharge device; aninductance and a condenser forming a second tuned tank circuit and connected to the auxiliary grids of said electron discharge device, said second tank circuit having means for coupling to said push-pull tank circult; and an output circuit coupled to said pushpull tank circuit.

8. In a signaling system, a crystal oscillation frequency multiplier comprising in comblnation, an electron discharge device having a pair of anodes, a pair of auxiliary grids, a pair of control grids and a cathode; a piezoelectric crystal forming part of said oscillation generator, said crystal being connected to the control grids of said electron discharge device; a first tank circuit connected to the anodes of said electron discharge device and tuned to a multiple of the foundamental frequency of said crystal; a second'tank circuit connected to the auxiliary grids of said electron discharge device and coupled by an inductance to said first tank circuit and tuned to the fundamental frequency of said crystal; and an output circuit coupled to said first tank circuit.

9. In a signaling system, an amplifier circuit comprising in combination, an oscillation generator including an electron discharge device having a pair of anodes, a pair of auxiliary rids, a pair of control grids and a cathode; a piezoelectric crystal together with said electron discharge device forming said oscillation generator. said crystal being connected to the control grids of said electron discharge device; a first tank circuit connected to the anodes of said electron discharge device and tuned to the frequency of said crystal; a second tank circuit connected to the auxiliary grids of said electron discharge device and coupled by an inductance to said first tank circuit and also tuned to the frequency of said crystal; and an output circuit coupled by an inductance coil to said first tank circuit.

10. A crystal oscillation generator comprising an oscillation generator including an electron discharge device having a pair of anodes, a pair of auxiliary grids. a pair of control grids, and a cathode; a piezoelectric crystal forming part of said oscillat on generator, said crystal being connected to the control grids of said electron discharge device; a first tank circuit connected to the anodes of said electron discharge device: a second tuned tank circuit connected to said auxiliary grids; an inductive coupling element having one end connected to the electrical center of said first circuit and its other end connected to ground. said second tank circuit being coupled by said inductive coupling element to said first tank circuit: and an output circuit coupled to said first tank circuit.

11. In a signaling system, a single electron discharge device havin two anodes, two auxiliary grids. two screen grids, two control grids and a cathode, means connecting said cathode and said control grids together for generating high frequency oscillations, a first tuned high frequency circuit connected between said anodes. a second tuned high frequency circuit connected between said auxiliary grids. means coupling said first tuned circuit to said second tuned circuit, means connecting said screen grids to midpoint taps on said first and second tuned circuits, and an output circuit coupled to said first. tuned circuit.

12. In a signaling system, a single electron discharge device having two anodes. two auxiliary grids. two screen grids. two control grids and a cathode, means connecting said cathode and said control gridstogether for generating high frequency oscillations, a first tuned high frequency circuit tuned to a. harmonic of said high frequency oscillations and connected between said anodes. a second tuned high frequency circuit tuned to the fundamental frequency of said high frequency oscillations and connected between said auxiliary grids, means couplin said first tuned circuit to said second tuned circuit, means connecting said screen grids to midpoint taps on said first and second timed circuits, and an output circuit coupled to said first tuned circuit, whereby said high frequency oscillations are multiplied in said output circuit.

13. An arrangement of electron discharge device electrodes including two anodes, two auxiliary grids, two control grids and at least one cathode, means connecting said cathode and said control grids together for generating high frequency oscillations, a first tuned high frequency circuit connected between said anodes, a second tuned high frequency circuit connected between said auxiliary grids, means coupling said first tuned circuit to said second tuned circuit, and an output circuit coupled to said first tuned circuit.

14. A crystal oscillation generator comprising a pair of electron discharge devices each having an anode, a plurality of grids, and a cathode; a piezoelectric crystal connected between two of the grids in each of said devices to form together with said devices said oscillation generator; a push-pull circuit connected to the anodes of the two devices; a tuned tank circuit connected to other grids in the two devices; an inductance inductively coupled to said tank circuit; a variable condenser connected between said inductance and said push-pull circuit to couple said tank circuit to said IDLlSh-Dllll circuit; and an output circuit coupled to said push-pull circuit.

15. An oscillation frequency multiplier circuit comprising a pair of electron discharge devices each having an anode, a plurality of grids, and a cathode; a piezoelectric crystal connnected between two of the grids in each of said devices to form together with said devices an oscillation generator; a first tank circuit having an inductance and a condenser connected in parallel, said tank circuit being connected to the anodes of the two devices and said condenser being of the split stator type to provide an electrical center point on such tank circuit; a second tank circuit connected to other grids in the two devices; variable coupling means between the center point of said first tank circuit and said second tank circuit; and an output circuit inductively coupled to said inductance.

16. An oscillation frequency amplifier comprising a pair of electron discharge devices each I ncrnnnnccs crrnn The following references are of record in th; file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Date Number Name 1,754,749 Gert'h Apr. 15,1930 Hagen June 13, 1983 

